The four U.S. companies that completed IPOs on AIM during 2013 raised the equivalent of $23 million, $21 million, $12 million and $2 million and returned +45%, +53%, +14% and -18%, respectively, during 2013.
From August 2013, AIM shares can be held
in U.K. Individual Savings Accounts (ISAs), the U.S. equivalent of IRAs,
providing a liquidity boost from retail investors, as evidenced by AIM
achieving its three most liquid months in September, October and
November. On the legislative front, the current 0.5% stamp duty (tax) on
the purchase of shares will be abolished from April 2014, which should provide
a further boost to liquidity.
AIM shares can be one of the most tax-advantaged investments; avoiding capital gains tax, income tax, inheritance tax and, soon, stamp duty. The benefit for companies considering an AIM IPO, and for those already listed on AIM, should be a further reduction in the cost-of-capital and an increase in aftermarket liquidity; both positively impacting valuations.
AIM shares can be one of the most tax-advantaged investments; avoiding capital gains tax, income tax, inheritance tax and, soon, stamp duty. The benefit for companies considering an AIM IPO, and for those already listed on AIM, should be a further reduction in the cost-of-capital and an increase in aftermarket liquidity; both positively impacting valuations.
Highlights
- U.S. domiciled companies achieve a weighted return of 14%
- Foreign domiciled U.S. operating companies achieve a weighted return of 16%
- FTSE AIM All-Share Index gained 20%
- Significant liquidity difference between U.S. and foreign domiciled U.S. companies
There were 22 U.S. domiciled and 34 foreign domiciled U.S.
operating companies listed on AIM as of the beginning of 2013. During 2013, six companies delisted, four
joined via IPO and one joined by way of reverse takeover. Of the six companies that left AIM; three encountered
commercial/financial difficulties and were either placed into administration,
liquidated and/or wound up, two simply never developed their businesses to sufficient
scale and, as a result, suffered from a low market cap and lack of trading
liquidity in their shares and the final one was already majority-owned by the
management team who initiated a tender offer for the balance. The four companies that joined via IPO raised
the equivalent of $23 million, $21 million, $12 million and $2 million and
returned +45%, +53%, +14% and -18%, respectively, during 2013.
The six leavers and five joiners during 2013 are not
included in the chart and analysis below because the effect on the share price
return analysis would be immaterial. The
bifurcation of the share price returns during 2013, with 24 of the 50 companies
losing 25% or more of their value and eight posting returns of at least 76%, is
similar to 2012 and consistent with the fact that AIM is a ‘stock picker’s
market’.
The weighted returns in the table below were calculated
using the average market capitalizations of the companies during the year,
similar to how an index fund would calculate returns.
Index
|
Unweighted
|
Weighted
|
U.S.
Domiciled Companies
|
11%
|
14%
|
Foreign Domiciled Companies
|
(4%)
|
16%
|
FTSE AIM All-Share Index
|
N/A
|
20%
|
The weighted return contributions for the U.S. domiciled
companies were tightly packed at +/-3%, with four exceptions, where 9%, 9% and 16%
weighted gains were achieved (absolute gains of 168%, 89% and 248%) and a
weighted loss of 6% was recorded (absolute loss of 68%). One of the gainers is an aquaculture biotech
company that received regulatory clearance for commercial production, one secured
a number of significant commercial contracts with large companies/partners and
the final one, who was also on the list during 2012, continued to achieve
commercial success coming out of the Global Financial Crisis, particularly in
major emerging markets. The company that
lost 68% has developed what appears to be some innovative mobile
telecommunications technology, however, it has yet to gain commercial traction.
The weighted return contributions for the foreign domiciled
U.S. operating companies were also tightly packed at +/-1%, with four
exceptions, where 2% and 24% weighted gains were achieved (absolute gains of
103% and 215%) and two weighted losses of 4% were recorded (absolute losses for
both 12%). One of the gainers is an oil
and gas E&P company that struck oil in an area that had not been drilled
for 25 years and the other gainer is an internet media platform that integrated
several acquisitions and is achieving exceptional financial results. Both companies that lost 12% are oil and gas
E&P companies; one encountered some delays in acquiring additional drilling
rigs and the other encountered some unforeseen operational difficulties.
In terms of average monthly liquidity (see the table below),
the foreign domiciled U.S. operating companies outperformed the U.S. domiciled
companies on both measures and AIM as a whole on one of two measures. One would expect all of the weighted results to
exceed all of the unweighted results, reflecting the positive relationship
between a company’s liquidity and its market capitalization. The unweighted results represent the level of
monthly liquidity that the average company can expect to achieve.
The reversal of this relationship for both categories of U.S.
companies indicates that relative trading volumes were larger for companies
with smaller market capitalizations. During
2013, investors exited smaller companies in which they were no longer
comfortable with the risk/reward relationship, as evidenced by the underperformance
of the unweighted share price returns versus the weighted share price returns
for both categories of U.S. companies.
Average Monthly
Liquidity
|
Foreign Domiciled
U.S. Operating
Companies
|
U.S. Domiciled Companies
|
Entire
AIM Market
|
Weighted
|
3.14%
|
1.42%
|
3.69%
|
Unweighted
|
4.21%
|
1.61%
|
3.32%
|
The chart below provides the monthly detail of the
unweighted liquidity for each of the three categories in the table on the
previous page. The liquidity pattern is
relatively stable and exhibits the typical pullback during the summer and the
December holiday season.
One important point to note is that from August 2013, AIM
shares can be held in U.K. Individual Savings Accounts (ISAs), the U.S.
equivalent of IRAs, providing a liquidity boost from retail investors, as
evidenced by AIM achieving its three most liquid months in September, October
and November. On the legislative front,
the current 0.5% stamp duty (tax) on the purchase of shares will be abolished
from April 2014, which should provide a further boost to liquidity.
AIM shares can be one of the most tax-advantaged investment;
avoiding capital gains tax, income tax, inheritance tax, and, soon, stamp
duty. The benefit for companies
considering an AIM IPO, and for those already listed on AIM, should be a
further reduction in the cost-of-capital and an increase in aftermarket
liquidity; both positively impacting valuations.
From a U.S. perspective, the key takeaway from the chart
above is that there is a liquidity advantage for U.S. companies that list on
AIM via a U.K. holding company. The four
main reasons being:
- Once the Reg. S period expires, the IPO shares can trade directly within CREST
- Pre-IPO shares not subject to Reg. S can immediately trade directly within CREST
- Articles of incorporation fully conform to U.K. law, providing comfort to U.K. investors
- Institutional investors only allocate a portion of their investments to non-U.K. companies
Nevertheless, irrespective of where a company is domiciled,
liquidity can be improved. The reasons
for a lack of liquidity are often company specific and not obvious. As a consequence, thoughtful and thorough investigation
is needed in order to formulate actionable solutions. Several strategic decisions can be taken
during the planning of the IPO to minimize the risk of lack of liquidity
becoming a problem in the first instance; including, selection of the most
appropriate AIM Nomad, Broker(s), Financial PR/IR firm and Independent Equity
Research firm.
