Both U.S. company IPO listings on London's AIM during 2012 are featured
in this post, which, coincidentally, were designed to simultaneously
effect acquisitions, valued at $47 million and $54 million, where the
founders/shareholders received a substantial part of the consideration in cash.
The relative surge of U.S. companies completing IPOs on London's AIM since 2005 is expected to continue, with the current market share of 5% rising to 10% by the end of this decade.
The relative surge of U.S. companies completing IPOs on London's AIM since 2005 is expected to continue, with the current market share of 5% rising to 10% by the end of this decade.
Highlights
- U.S. companies account for 8% (11 of 136) of London Stock Exchange AIM IPOs since 2010
- More than from any other country, except China (9%) and the U.K. (31%)
- The two U.S. company London Stock Exchange AIM IPOs during 2012 are featured in this newsletter
- Zattikka - California and Texas - Consumer Technology
- Raised $20 million to effect three acquisitions valued at $47 million
- Founders receive $14m cash, $12m notes, $13m shares and $10m deferred
- Revenue and EBITDA multiples of 3.8 and 10.1, P/E ratio of 12.5
- Enteq Upstream - California - Oil & Gas Equipment and Services
- Raised $68 million to effect an acquisition valued at $54 million
- Founders receive $43m cash, $3m shares and $8m deferred
- Revenue and EBITDA multiples of 3.2 and 9.3, P/E ratio of 15.9
- Currently 5% (56 of 1,096) of the companies listed on London's AIM are from the U.S.
- Since 2005, U.S. companies account for 8% (77 of 982) of London AIM IPOs
- AIM IPO Investors remain selective but desire exposure to USD assets/revenue
- London AIM investors seek high-quality, growth-oriented companies
- End-of-decade expectation is that 10% of the London Stock Exchange's AIM will consist of U.S. companies
- AIM IPO market remains selective, therefore, prospective issuers should carefully consider:
- Suitability before embarking on the London AIM listing process
- Key advisers, most notably London AIM Nominated Advisers (Nomads) and London AIM Nominated Brokers
- Of which, there are 50 and 100, respectively
- £332 million raised from secondary offerings on London's AIM for 32 U.S. companies since 2010
- 55% of all U.S. companies listed on London's AIM have completed at least one secondary since 2010
- 71% of secondary offerings on London's AIM raise between £1 million and £10 million
- Selling shareholder activity at the time of the London AIM IPO continues at the historic level of 25% since 2010
- U.S. Accredited Investor and QIB participation in London Stock Exchange AIM IPOs also continues at the historic level of 20%
- Industry and geographic dispersion of the 56 U.S. companies listed on London's AIM below
U.S. Company London AIM IPOs - Macro View
The table below shows that IPO activity on the London Stock Exchange's AIM has held
steady over the last three years. Generally
speaking, compared to 2010, the companies that completed London AIM IPOs during 2011 and
2012 were stronger and simply required less growth capital.
Entire Market |
Number of
London AIM IPOs |
Gross Funds Raised
(in £ millions)
|
Average Funds Raised
(in £ millions)
|
2010
|
46
|
1,017
|
22
|
2011
|
45
|
560
|
12
|
2012
|
45
|
695
|
15
|
Total
|
136
|
2,272
|
17
|
Historically, U.S. companies have accounted for less than 5%
of the London Stock Exchange's AIM, however, since 2005, there has been a relative surge of U.S. companies
completing IPOs on London's AIM. From 2005 -
2012, 8% of all IPOs on London's AIM were for U.S. companies. With a limited number of data points, it’s
difficult to draw firm conclusions; however, the medium-term expectation is
that U.S. companies will account for approximately 10% of all companies listed
on London's AIM by the end of this decade; growing from 56 to over 100.
United States |
Number of
London AIM IPOs |
Gross Funds Raised
(in £ millions)
|
Average Funds Raised
(in £ millions)
|
2010
|
2
|
52
|
26
|
2011
|
7
|
45
|
6
|
2012
|
2
|
55
|
28
|
Total
|
11
|
152
|
14
|
While London Stock Exchange AIM IPO investors remain selective, it is clear from the
relative surge of U.S. companies completing IPOs on London's AIM since 2005 that they
desire exposure to USD assets and revenue streams from high-quality,
growth-oriented companies.
U.S. Company London AIM IPOs - 2012
The table and summaries below provide some high-level
insights into the two U.S. company IPOs on the London Stock Exchange's AIM during 2012. Coincidentally, both London AIM IPOs were designed to
simultaneously effect acquisitions of predominately U.S.-based operating
companies. Further details can be found
by clicking on the company name, which leads to a comprehensive summary of each London Stock Exchange AIM IPO.
The U.S. companies listed on the London Stock Exchange's AIM operate in virtually all
industry sectors; therefore, London's AIM is suitable for a wide range of private
companies seeking additional growth capital for the next stage of their development. The three most important factors, in the eyes
of prospective U.K. investors, are the quality of the company’s management team,
international operations/plans and future growth prospects.
(in USD millions)
|
||
Industry Sector
|
Consumer Technology
|
Oil & Gas Equip.
and Svcs.
|
Gross Capital Raised
|
$20.0
|
$68.0
|
Value of Acquired Companies[1]
|
47.4
|
54.1
|
Revenue
|
12.4
|
17.1
|
EBITDA
|
4.7
|
5.8
|
Net Income
|
3.8
|
5.7[2]
|
(Multiples/Ratio)
|
||
Revenue
|
3.8
|
3.2
|
EBITDA
|
10.1
|
9.3
|
P/E
|
12.5
|
9.52
|
Consideration
Received by Founders/Shareholders
|
||
Cash
|
$14.1
|
$43.1
|
Notes
|
12.1
|
N/A
|
Shares
|
12.6
|
3.0
|
Deferred Cash
|
10.3
|
8.0
|
Zattikka
was founded to effect the simultaneous acquisition of three companies; one
based in San Francisco, California, with a substantial presence in Shanghai,
China, founded in 2005, one based in Austin, Texas, founded in 2009, and one
based in Malmö, Sweden, founded in 1997.
The purpose of the acquisitions, and the future strategy, is to
capitalize on the opportunity to consolidate and organically grow the highly
fragmented online and mobile, social/casual, interactive games entertainment
market. Zattikka intends to become a
large-scale, diverse games developer and publisher across key digital
platforms, geographically focused on the U.S., China and Europe. Zattikka has 182 employees; 33 in the U.S.,
San Francisco and Austin, 116 in Shanghai, 23 in Malmö and 10 in the U.K.
The global online games market generated $16 billion of
revenue during 2010 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 10.6% to $26 billion
in 2015. The extension of gaming into
new social network channels and mobile platforms has caused a significant shift
in how people play and, more importantly, who plays. This shift has led to rapid expansion of the
online games market with a broader, more diverse, player base. The strong financial performance and
complementary nature of these first three acquisitions, along with the overall
industry dynamics and growth prospects, provided the compelling rationale for
the London Stock Exchange AIM IPO and valuation.
Enteq
Upstream was founded to identify, acquire and integrate North American
companies providing specialist reach and recovery products and technologies
(used in non-vertical drilling for oil and gas to optimize production
efficiency) to the international upstream (exploration and production) oil and
gas services market. The global oilfield
market is estimated to be worth $340 billion.
Enteq’s focus is on acquiring companies operating in the following
sub-sectors; geophysical equipment and services ($15 billion), wireline logging
($13 billion) and downhole drilling tools ($4 billion).
Simultaneous with the London AIM IPO, Enteq acquired Santa Clara,
California-based XXT, Inc., a designer and manufacturer of products focused on the
Measurement While Drilling (MWD) market, a significant part of the downhole
drilling tools market, where high temperature, pressure and vibration are
encountered. XXT’s engineering
capabilities include mechanical, electronic, software and firmware development. As a result of the XXT acquisition, Enteq has
16 employees; 13 in Santa Clara and three in London.
In recent years, XXT has adapted its downhole equipment to
work not only at higher temperatures but also in harsher environments, enabling
the equipment to be adopted for use in horizontal wells, such as those drilled
in oil and gas shales. In order to drill
directional and horizontal wells, the operator must steer the drill bit into
and through the reservoir. To achieve
this, and to improve drilling efficiency, the operator requires data from close
to the drill bit, indicating where the well is being directed and other
drilling parameters, such as vibration.
This information is provided by MWD equipment. XXT’s products are sold to directional drilling
companies as well as other equipment manufacturers that incorporate XXT’s
products and sell them as part of their own solution. The performance of the products in hostile
drilling environments enables independent drilling companies to offer services
to oil and gas operators in a broader range of environments.
Rig activity and capital expenditure by oil and gas
companies are the main drivers of the MWD market. Global rig count is currently the highest it
has been in the last 10 years. In North
America, the rig count is close to an all-time high, with 70% of the rigs
drilling directional and horizontal wells.
These drilling techniques, combined with other extraction technologies,
have enabled oil and gas to be produced from reservoirs in shales which were
previously considered uneconomic, resulting in non-vertical drilling becoming
commonplace. The strong financial
performance of XXT, along with the overall industry dynamics and growth
prospects, provided the compelling rationale for the London Stock Exchange AIM IPO and valuation.
U.S. Company London AIM Secondary Offerings
The 56 U.S. companies listed on London's AIM account for 5.1% of the
1,096 companies listed on the London Stock Exchange's AIM, however, they only account for 2.8% of the
secondary offering funds raised on London's AIM since 2010.
In prior years, the U.S. companies listed on the London Stock Exchange's AIM have accessed larger amounts of capital,
resulting in rapid growth, and are now more advanced in terms of their stage-of-development
relative to London's AIM as a whole. As such, many
are now self-sustaining and simply require less growth capital.
Entire Market |
Number of
London AIM
Secondaries*
|
Gross Funds Raised
(in £ millions)
|
Average Funds Raised
(in £ millions)
|
2010
|
691
|
5,738
|
8.30
|
2011
|
524
|
3,616
|
6.90
|
2012
|
532
|
2,478
|
4.66
|
Total
|
1,747
|
11,832
|
6.77
|
* This is the number of discrete secondary
offerings on London's AIM. Some companies
completed more than one secondary offering on London's AIM per year.
United States |
Number of
London AIM
Secondaries*
|
Gross Funds Raised
(in £ millions)
|
Average Funds Raised
(in £ millions)
|
2010
|
18
|
124
|
6.89
|
2011
|
17
|
97
|
5.71
|
2012
|
20
|
111
|
5.55
|
Total
|
55
|
332
|
6.04
|
* This is the number of companies that
completed secondary offerings on London's AIM as opposed to the number of discrete secondary
offerings on London's AIM.
Of the 55 U.S. companies that completed secondary offerings
on the London Stock Exchange's AIM since 2010, 24 completed secondary offerings in more than one year, therefore,
55% of the U.S. companies listed on London's AIM (31 of 56) have completed at least one secondary
offering since 2010. The distribution of
gross funds raised by these 55 U.S. companies on the London Stock Exchange's AIM is illustrated in the chart
below, with 71% (39 of 55) raising between £1 and £10 million.
The ability of existing shareholders to sell some or all of
their holdings in a London Stock Exchange AIM IPO depends on a variety of factors; the most
important of which are the strength of the company and the level of investor
support. Historically, from 2005 - 2009,
25% of U.S. company IPOs on London's AIM included selling shareholders who were often
either founders of the company, longstanding members of executive management or
the board of directors, commercial partners who had made a strategic investment
in the company or VCs/PEGs who invested in and nurtured the company for several
years prior to its London AIM IPO.
One of the two U.S. company IPOs on the London Stock Exchange's AIM during 2010 included
selling shareholders. In that
London AIM IPO, the selling shareholders included a PEG, a VC, a Strategic
Investor and several Angel Investors for an aggregate of £19 million ($30
million). None of the U.S. company IPOs
on London's AIM during 2011 included selling shareholders. Both of the U.S. company IPOs on London's AIM during
2012 included substantial cash and other consideration received by the founders
and other shareholders, amounting to $47.4 million and $54.1 million, as described
in detail above.
While selling shareholders are most common in conjunction
with a London Stock Exchange AIM IPO, U.S. company insiders have sold in the aftermarket in organized
transactions on three occasions since 2004; twice as part of secondary
offerings on London's AIM and once on a standalone basis.
In all three instances, the companies were performing exceptionally well
with the organized insider selling driven by a need to “satisfy excess demand”
for the company’s AIM-listed shares. There were no
such transactions from 2010 - 2012; however, insider selling in the normal
course of daily share trading on London's AIM is commonplace.
U.S. Company London AIM Accredited
Investor and Qualified Institutional Buyer (QIB) Activity
U.S. Accredited Investors and QIBs are permitted to
participate in London Stock Exchange AIM IPOs and secondary offerings on London's AIM. Historically, from 2005 - 2009, they have
provided 20% of the funding for U.S. company IPOs on London's AIM and 20% of the
secondary offering funds raised on London's AIM for those companies.
From 2010 - 2012, 25% (14 of 55) of the U.S. companies listed on London's AIM that
completed secondary offerings were at least partially financed by Accredited Investors
or QIBs, providing 8% of the total funds raised.
U.S. Company London AIM Industry and Geographic Dispersion
London Stock Exchange AIM-listed companies are organized into 90 sub-sectors,
which feed into 40 sectors, which feed into 10 super sectors. The 56 U.S. companies that are listed on London's AIM are
quite diverse and operate in eight of the 10 super sectors (oil and gas / alternative energy, basic materials, industrials,
healthcare, technology, financials, consumer services and consumer
goods).
There is a concentration of oil and gas exploration and
production companies listed on London's AIM in Texas, which includes three oil and gas field
technology services companies. The other
major concentration of U.S. companies listing on the London Stock Exchange's AIM is in industrial and consumer technology, including; digital media, biotech and cleantech, between Boston and Washington D.C. and in California.
Within Basic Materials, three of the nine U.S. companies listed on London's AIM produce
chemicals/compounds for the health and growth of fish, plants and agriculture, four
are mining concern, one is a forestry investment fund and one is a clean water
antimicrobial technology company listed on London's AIM.
Industrials is comprised mainly of a wide range of
industrial technology companies listed on London's AIM; from body armor for the military and other
customers to the marking, tracking and authentication of high-value goods to
B2B electronic payment companies listed on the London Stock Exchange's AIM.
Consumer Services consists of a media company with some
unique technology and an athlete representation agency.
Consumer Goods consists of a developer of fuel cells for
vehicles listed on London's AIM and an online and mobile, social/casual, interactive games developer
and publisher.
[1] Since the
purpose of these IPOs was to effect acquisitions, this is the value of the
acquired companies, which is more relevant for analysis.
[2] Since the
acquired company was an S Corporation, with any Federal and most State tax
liabilities are passed-through to the shareholders, this is pre-tax net
income. Assuming an effective tax rate
of 40%, net income and the P/E ratio would be $3.4 million and 15.9,
respectively.
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